Vertex Graceful Labeling-Some Path Related Graphs

Treating subjects as vertex graceful graphs, vertex graceful labeling, caterpillar, actinia graphs, Smarandachely vertex m-labeling

Western blot analysis of chloroplast, embryoplast and cytoplasm using sucrose synthase antibodies [abstract]

Abstract only availablePlastids are functionally and structurally diverse organelles and include chloroplasts (found in leaves), leucoplasts (roots), chromoplasts (flower petals), and amyloplasts (tubers). Plant embryos also contain plastids and those present in oilseeds such as rapeseed (Brassica napus) have properties of both chloroplasts and leucoplasts, and are therefore termed embryoplasts. After isolation of plastids from developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus cv. Reston), embryoplast proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. One of the proteins identified was sucrose synthase, a sucrose cleaving enzyme principally located in the cytosol. To confirm that sucrose synthase is associated with isolated embryoplasts, we performed western blots on the protein using four different sucrose synthase antibodies. The western blot results will be presented

Periodic boundary conditions for the simulation of 3D domain patterns in tetragonal ferroelectric material

Periodic domain patterns in tetragonal ferroelectrics are explored using a phase field model calibrated for barium titanate. In this context, we discuss the standard periodic boundary condition and introduce the concept of reverse periodic boundary conditions. Both concepts allow the assembly of cubic cells in accordance with mechanical and electrical conditions. However, application of the reverse periodic boundary condition is due to an increased size of the RVE and enforces more complex structures compared to the standard condition. This may be of particular interest for other multiphysics simulations. Additionally, we formulate mechanical side conditions with minimal spherical (hydrostatic) stress, or conditions with controlled average strain. It is found that in sufficiently small periodic cells, only a uniform single domain, or the simplest stripe domains constitute equilibrium states. However, once the periodic cells are of order 20 domain wall widths in size, more complex, 3-dimensional patterns emerge. Some of these patterns are known from prior studies, but we also identify other domain patterns with long, ribbon-like domains threaded through them and some vortex-like structures. Keywords: Periodic boundary conditions; RVE simulation; Tetragonal ferroelectrics; Polarization patterns; Polarization vortex; Multiphysics simulation

Horizontal challenges: WASH and nutrition integration

Vertical development programming is not delivering the results or progress that countries need to develop and thrive. At the household level, undernutrition in all its forms is estimated to contribute to 3.1 million child deaths each year. Collaboration among sectors such as WASH, nutrition, and health is necessary and recognised but is only beginning and as in all integration efforts, presents challenges. Recent emphasis on integrative and comprehensive approaches has the implicit hypothesis that by integrating we can make headway and perhaps achieve cost efficiencies as well. Yet evidence is still scant, this paper begins to document several modalities for integrated WASH programming, using experiences in two countries, Mali and Uganda to highlight the challenges we have encountered to integration while trying to make programming more horizontal and true to life

Power Generation via a Thermoelectric Generator Driven by a Reversible Exothermic Reaction

Solar thermal energy can be stored and later converted to electrical energy using a combination of thermochemical energy storage (TCES) and a thermoelectric generator (TEG). This TEG and TCES combination illustrates a potential route for clean electricity storage from renewable energy. TCES allows for thermal energy from the sun to be stored as chemical energy that can then be utilized to generate electrical energy through a TEG device at a later time. While there are many methods of TCES, this paper presents a storage through a reusable porous matrix impregnated with CaCl2. The dehydration and hydration of CaCl2 within the matrix material provides a reversible thermochemical reaction for TCES. The dehydration of CaCl2 hexahydrate within the matrix material stores thermal energy; while, the hydration of anhydrous CaCl2 within the matrix material provides a heat input for the TEG device. The TEG principle of operation is based upon the Seebeck effect; a phenomenon that converts a temperature difference into a voltage difference to create power. Thus, the thermochemical reaction between CaCl2 and water creates a hot side for a temperature difference with the ambient cool side. In general, the Seebeck effect is inherently a weak thermoelectric effect; and it is for this reason that the TEG efficiency is very low as compared to a photovoltaic and battery storage system. Nevertheless, the TEG and TCES combination poses a cheaper and more scalable storage system that could still compete with the PV and battery storage system. In terms of cost analysis, TEGs are cheaper within low peak power but high storage capacity settings; this advantage makes the TEG and TCES combination comparable to that of the PV and battery storage system. Experimental investigation illustrated that the matrix material produced 0.6mW/g of power; this was then maintained for about 17 min before dropping to a negligible temperature difference. While this illustrates the low overall energy efficiency of a TEG and TCES storage system, the economic motivation behind this method is presented. With a long solar collection time, a high storage capacity, and a low TEG peak power, the TEG/TCES storage system could be beneficial. Within further investigations, utilizing a heat sink, exploring the cold side of the TEG, and considering a more insulated experimental set up could be beneficial for this proof of concept.Key Words: energy storage, solar thermochemical, thermoelectric generato